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شرح قاعدة الماضي البسيط :

الماضي البسيط (Simple Past) هو زمن من اهم أزمنة اللغة الإنجليزية يُستخدم للتحدث عن الأحداث التي وقعت في الماضي وأنتهت في وقت معين. ويُستخدم بصفة عامة لوصف أفعال حدثت في الماضي ولم يتم تكرارها.

تصريف الأفعال في الماضي البسيط
لتصريف الأفعال في الماضي البسيط نقوم بإضافة (ed) في نهاية الفعل إذا كان الفعل من الأفعال الشائعة، وفي حالة عدم تصريف الفعل بإضافة (ed) نحتاج لتصريف الفعل بشكل منفصل. لذلك، يمكن القول إن هناك قواعد لتصريف الأفعال في الماضي البسيط ولكن هذه القواعد تختلف من فعل إلى آخر.

ومن أشهر الأفعال التي يجب حفظ تصريفاتها في الماضي البسيط:

يستخدم الفعل “to be” في الماضي البسيط على النحو التالي:

I was

You were

He/she/it was

We were

You were

They were
يستخدم الفعل “to do” في الماضي البسيط على النحو التالي:

I did

You did

He/she/it did

We did

You did

They did
يستخدم الفعل “to have” في الماضي البسيط على النحو التالي:

I had

You had

He/she/it had

We had

You had

They had
عند استخدام الأفعال الشاذة في الماضي البسيط يجب تعلم تصريفاتها بشكل فردي. والجدول التالي يوضح تصريفات بعض الأفعال الشاذة في الماضي البسيط:

الفعل	المضارع	الماضي البسيط	الماضي التام
begin	begin	began	begun
break	break	broke	broken
build	build	built	built
buy	buy	bought	bought
catch	catch	caught	caught
choose	choose	chose	chosen
come	come	came	come
do	do	did	done
draw	draw	drew	drawn
drive	drive	drove	driven
eat	eat	ate	eaten
fall	fall	fell	fallen
feel	feel	felt	felt
find	find	found	found
fly	fly	flew	flown
get	get	got	gotten/got
give	give	gave	given
go	go	went	gone
have	have	had	had
hear	hear	heard	heard
hold	hold	held	held
keep	keep	kept	kept
know	know	knew	known
leave	leave	left	left
lose	lose	lost	lost
make	make	made	made
mean	mean	meant	meant
meet	meet	met	met
pay	pay	paid	paid
put	put	put	put
read	read	read	read
ride	ride	rode	ridden
run	run	ran	run
say	say	said	said
see	see	saw	seen
sell	sell	sold	sold
send	send	sent	sent
sit	sit	sat	sat
sleep	sleep	slept	slept
speak	speak	spoke	spoken
spend	spend	spent	spent
stand	stand	stood	stood
swim	swim	swam	swum
take	take	took	taken
teach	teach	taught	taught
tell	tell	told	told
think	think	thought	thought
understand	understand	understood	understood
wake	wake	woke	woken
wear	wear	wore	worn
win	win	won	won
write	write	wrote	written

الماضي البسيط يستخدم بشكل أساسي لوصف أحداث وحدثت في الماضي وانتهت بالفعل. وعند استخدامه في الجملة، يجب تحويل الفعل إلى الماضي البسيط، مثل “I went to the store” و “He ate breakfast this morning”.

وهناك أيضًا بعض الظروف التي تستخدم مع الماضي البسيط، مثل:

• yesterday (أمس)
• last week/month/year (الأسبوع/الشهر/السنة الماضية)
• ago (منذ)
• in 1999 (في عام 1999)

مثال:

• I went to the store yesterday. (ذهبت إلى المتجر أمس.)
• She studied for three hours last night. (درست لثلاث ساعات الليلة الماضية.)
• He played soccer with his friends on the weekend. (لعب كرة القدم مع أصدقائه في عطلة نهاية الأسبوع.)
• We visited our grandparents last summer. (زرنا جدّي وجدّتي الصيف الماضي.)
• They watched a movie at home last night. (شاهدوا فيلمًا في المنزل الليلة الماضية.)
• I cooked dinner for my family yesterday. (طبخت العشاء لعائلتي أمس.)
• He drove to work this morning. (قاد إلى العمل هذا الصباح.)
• We studied English in school last year. (درسنا اللغة الإنجليزية في المدرسة العام الماضي.)
• They traveled to Paris for vacation last summer. (سافروا إلى باريس للعطلة الصيف الماضي.)

في النهاية، الماضي البسيط هو جزء مهم من قواعد اللغة الإنجليزية، ويجب على المتعلمين العمل على حفظ تصريفات الأفعال واستخدامها بشكل صحيح في الجمل.

اختبر نفسك :

1-Which sentence is in the past simple tense?
a) I am studying for my exam.
b) She will travel to New York next month.
c) He played soccer with his friends yesterday.
d) They are eating breakfast right now.

2-Which verb is correctly conjugated in the past simple tense?
a) They is happy.
b) We be hungry.
c) She ate dinner.
d) You does your homework.

3-Which word is used to indicate a past time frame?
a) Now
b) Yesterday
c) Tomorrow
d) Today

4-Which sentence is NOT in the past simple tense?
a) She is reading a book.
b) He sang a song last night.
c) They watched a movie last weekend.
d) I cooked dinner for my family yesterday.

5-Which sentence is in the negative form of the past simple tense?
a) He walked to the store.
b) They played basketball yesterday.
c) I didn’t eat breakfast this morning.
d) We went to the beach last summer.

6-Which of the following is the past tense of the verb “to go”?
a) Goed
b) Goes
c) Gone
d) Went

7-Which of the following verbs is an irregular verb in the past simple tense?
a) Walked
b) Talked
c) Ate
d) Watched

8-Which sentence is in the interrogative form of the past simple tense?
a) He rode his bike to the park.
b) They played video games all day.
c) Did you study for the test?
d) She sang a song at the concert.

9-Which sentence is in the past simple tense and the passive voice?
a) He ate the pizza.
b) They cooked dinner.
c) The book was read by her.
d) We played soccer.

10-Which sentence is NOT in the past simple tense?
a) I will eat lunch at noon.
b) He studied for three hours last night.
c) They visited their grandparents last weekend.
d) We traveled to Europe in 2010.

الأجابات ومناقشة الأسئلة علي رابط الواتساب والتليجرام
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